跋伽（bhaga），梵文中意为「神」或「守护神」，亦具有「财富」及「繁荣」之意。这个词的同根见于古波斯语，即baga，都是「神」的意思。还有说法是斯拉夫语的神的名词──бог（西里尔字母）及英语的god亦源于跋伽。吠陀时代的跋伽是阿底提耶众神之一，司财富与婚姻。梨俱吠陀中记载他将善意与命运分配给人类的监督者。湿婆创造的一个伟大武士Virabhadra曾将跋伽刺盲。Bhaga一词在印度语中衍生出「Bhagaban」和「Bhagya」，分别表示神与命运。

Sanskrit bhaga (IAST: bhaga) is a term for "lord, patron", but also for "wealth, prosperity". The cognate term in Avestan and Old Persian is baga, of uncertain meaning but used in a sense in which "lord, patron, sharer/distributor of good fortune" might also apply. The cognate in Slavic languages is the root bogъ. The semantics is similar to English lord (from hlaford "bread-warden"), the idea being that it is part of the function of a chieftain or leader to distribute riches or spoils among his followers. The name of the city of Baghdad derives from Middle Persian baga-data, "lord-given".